The impact of Westernization on Efik traditional greetings and etiquettes in Odukpani Local Government, Cross River State
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Background of the study
Westernization has significantly transformed social interactions across various cultural landscapes, including the Efik community in Odukpani Local Government. Traditional greetings and etiquettes, which once epitomized respect, communal solidarity, and cultural identity, are now experiencing marked changes due to Western influences (Udoh, 2023). These indigenous social customs, deeply embedded in the communal fabric, are increasingly replaced by standardized, globalized forms of communication that prioritize efficiency over ritualistic formality. Scholars argue that while modernization facilitates intercultural communication and economic development, it also risks eroding time-honored practices that have historically defined social hierarchies and interpersonal relationships (Etim, 2024). The resultant cultural hybridization presents both opportunities and challenges. This study critically examines the influence of Westernization on Efik greetings and etiquettes, exploring the extent to which these changes affect social cohesion and the transmission of cultural values (Okon, 2025).
Statement of the problem
The traditional greeting practices of the Efik people in Odukpani are increasingly overshadowed by Westernized forms of interaction, leading to a decline in culturally rich etiquette. This shift raises concerns about the erosion of indigenous social values and the weakening of community bonds. The study aims to identify the factors driving this transformation and assess its impact on cultural identity and social interaction patterns (Udoh, 2023).
Objectives of the study
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To assess the impact of Westernization on Efik greetings and etiquettes.
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To identify changes in social interaction patterns due to Western influences.
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To recommend measures for preserving indigenous etiquette.
Research questions
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How has Westernization altered traditional Efik greeting practices?
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What social factors contribute to the adoption of Western etiquette?
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What measures can be implemented to preserve indigenous practices?
Research Hypotheses
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Westernization has significantly reduced the use of traditional Efik greetings.
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Socioeconomic factors drive the adoption of Western etiquette.
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Community-based initiatives can mitigate the erosion of traditional practices.
Significance of the study
This study is significant in highlighting the cultural implications of Westernization on Efik traditional greetings. Its insights will support initiatives aimed at cultural preservation and inform policies that balance modern influences with indigenous social values (Etim, 2024).
Scope and limitations of the study
This study is limited to examining the impact of Westernization on Efik traditional greetings and etiquettes in Odukpani Local Government. It excludes other cultural practices or regions.
Definitions of terms
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Westernization: The adoption of Western cultural norms and practices.
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Traditional greetings: Indigenous forms of social salutation.
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Etiquette: Conventional codes of polite behavior.
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